液压泵的输出功率 PP=pPqP=常数 液压缸的输出功率 P1=Fv=Fq1/A=p1q1 回路的功率损失 △p=pP-p1=pPqP-p1q1=pP（q1+△q）-(pP-△p)q1=pP△q+△pq1 △q=qP-q1 溢流损失 △pY=pP△q 节流损失 △pT=△pq1 回路的效率 η=p1/p,P=Fv/pPqP=p1q1/pPqP ∵存在两部分功率损失 ∴这种调速回路效率较低 节流阀出口节流调速回路特征：将节流阀串联在液压缸的回油路上，即串联在缸和油箱之间，调节AT，可调节q2以改变速度，仍应和溢流阀联合使用，pP=pS。
与进口节流调速回路相同处 ∵v—F特性基本与进口节流相似 ∴上述结论都适用于此? 不同于进口节流调速回路 1）承受负值负载能力 2）实现压力控制的方便性 3）最低稳定速度? 承受负值负载能力 ∵回油路节流阀使缸有一定背压 ∴能承受负值负载，并↑v稳定性，而进油路则需在回油路上增加背压阀方可承受，△P↑。
实现压力控制的方便性 ∵进油路调速中工作台碰到死挡铁后，活塞停止，缸进油腔油压上升至pS? ∴便于实现压力（升压）控制而回油路调?速在上述工况时，进油腔压力变化很小，无法控压，而回油腔p↓0，可降压发讯，但电路复杂。
最低稳定速度 ∴在缸径、缸速相同情况下，进油节流调速回路流量阀开?口较大，低速时不易堵塞 ∵若回路使用单杆缸，无杆腔进油量大于有杆腔回油流量? 节流阀旁路节流调速回路特征：将节流阀装在与执行元件并联的支路上，即与缸并联，溢流阀做安全阀，pP取决于负载，pP=p1=△p=F/A 缸（q1） q< 节流阀→T 节流阀旁节流调速回路工作特点分析 （1）速度负载特性 （2）最大承载能力 （3）功率和效率 q1=qP-qT=(qtP-△qP)-qT φ =(qtP-kLpP)-CAT△p φ =qtp-kL(F/A)-CAT(F/A) 故液压缸的工作速度为： φ v=q1/A=[qtp-kL(F?/A)-CAT(F/A)]/A 结论：①AT=C，F↑，v↓,F↓，v↑，即v—F特性更软 ②F=C,↑AT，v↓;↓AT↑v，即速度随AT而变化 节流阀旁路节流调速回路最大承载力 AT↑，阻力↓，Fmax↓，即低速承载能力小，AT至一定值时，即使F很小，qp→节→T,V=0，所以Fmax既与AT有关，又受安全阀调定压力的限制。
节流阀旁路节流调速回路功率和效率? ∵pP随F变化而变化，只有△P节，而无△P溢 ∴η高，发热少 节流阀旁节流调速回路应用 ∵v—F特性较软，低速承载能力差 ∴一般用于高速、重载、对速度平?稳性要求很低的较大功率场合，如：牛头刨床主运动系统、输送机械液压系统、大型拉床液压系统、龙门刨床液压系统等。
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